Thermal model for the directed energy deposition of composite coatings of 316L stainless steel enriched with tungsten carbides

This work focuses on the thermal modeling of Directed Energy Deposition a composite coating (316L stainless steel reinforced by Tungsten carbides) 316L substrate. The developed finite element model predicts history and melt pool dimension evolution in middle section clad during deposition. Numerical results were correlated with experimental analysis (light optical scanning electron microscopies thermocouple records) to validate discuss possible solidification mechanisms. It was proven that implementation forced convection boundary conditions great importance ensure equilibrium between input energy heat losses. maximum peak temperature shows slight increase trend for first few layers, followed an apparent stabilization increasing height. That demonstrates high loss through boundaries. While literature, most studies are focused single or layer geometries, this describes multi-layered able predict field deposition give consistent data about new materiel. can be applied other shapes under recalibration. methodology calibration is detailed as well sensitivity parameters.